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Crop Planning Effective crop planning is essential to optimize yield, sustain soil health, and meet market demands. This guide covers the fundamentals of crop planning, including goal setting, crop selection, scheduling, and resource recommendations. 1. Define Goals and Market Strategy Defining clear goals—whether aimed at market consistency, CSA production, or specialty crops—helps guide planting and resource allocation. For farmers focused on market-driven production, crop selection should align with both seasonal market trends and local demand. Talk to your customers and research prices on-line to find crops with high demand and high returns. Resource : Access USDA’s Specialty CropMarketReports and Local Market Reports for updated information on specialty crops and regional food trends. 2. Choosing the Right Crops Selecting the right crops involves assessing compatibility with climate, soil, and market needs. Start by examining local climate data and performing a soil test to ensure crops are well-suited to the environment. Resources : University of Arkansas Extension’s Vegetable Crop Guide provides in-depth guidance on suitable crops for Arkansas’ unique climate and soils: Horticulture Vegetable Crops . Johnny’s Selected Seeds Growing Center offers a crop selection tool, seed-starting calculators, and resources for crop-specific growth stages and climate considerations: Growing Center . 3. Create a Crop Rotation Plan Effective crop rotation helps manage soil fertility, reduce pest cycles, and improve overall crop yields. Rotation should alternate crop families, nutrient needs, and root depths. Rotation Examples : Alternate nitrogen-demanding crops, such as tomatoes, with legumes like beans to replenish soil nitrogen. Recordkeeping : Maintain a log of crop placement each year to avoid replanting similar crops in the same location within a three-year cycle. Resource : For guidance on organic crop rotation practices, refer to the Organic Resource Manual from the University of Arkansas Extension. 4. Develop a Planting Schedule A planting schedule based on climate and crop maturity ensures that harvests align with market demands. Adjust your schedule for staggered plantings to create a steady harvest season. Spring/Summer Planting Dates : Use University of Arkansas Spring/Summer Planting Dates to establish planting timelines for crops like tomatoes, beans, and corn. Fall Planting Dates : Consult Fall Planting Dates to extend your season with fall-harvested vegetables like leafy greens and root crops. Resource : Johnny’s Selected Seeds provides an interactive Planting Schedule Calculator to help you plan ideal planting dates for each crop. 5. Calculate Seed and Transplant Needs Proper seed and transplant planning can prevent over planting or shortages during critical seasons. Calculate the exact number of seeds and transplants required based on crop type, field area, and expected yields. Direct Seeding : Use Johnny’s Direct Seeding Quantity & Yield Chart for guidance on direct-seeded crops like carrots and radishes. Transplanting : Johnny’s Transplanted Crop Quantity & Yield Chart offers seeding rates and yield estimates for transplants, including tomatoes, peppers, and broccoli. 6. Budgeting and Financial Planning Budgeting allows farmers to track costs, estimate yields, and analyze the profitability of each crop. Track inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, labor, and water to determine each crop’s financial viability. Inputs : Document expenses for seeds, fertilizers, labor, irrigation, and other inputs. Revenue Analysis : Track yields and market prices to calculate profitability for each crop. 7. Monitor and Adjust Throughout the Season Crop planning is not static; monitor crop health, market changes, and weather patterns throughout the season to make necessary adjustments. Flexibility improves resilience and profitability. Conclusion Crop planning combines careful crop selection, scheduling, and financial oversight to maximize yields and efficiency. Resources from the University of Arkansas Extension , Johnny’s Selected Seeds , and Growing Urban Farmers support farmers with tools to refine their practices each season. By implementing these practices, farmers can create a resilient, profitable operation that meets market demands and promotes sustainability.

What is USDA-NRCS? The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is a critical resource for farmers and landowners seeking to implement sustainable agricultural practices and improve land stewardship. Through various programs, NRCS offers technical expertise, financial assistance, and support to address conservation challenges such as soil erosion, water management, habitat preservation, and climate resilience. How does a farmer get started with NRCS? To begin, farmers should connect with their local NRCS office. The process typically involves: 1. Initial Consultation: Meet with an NRCS conservation planner to discuss your farm's specific needs and challenges. They will help you identify conservation goals, such as improving soil health, managing water resources, or creating wildlife habitats. 2. Conservation Planning: The NRCS team will work with you to develop a customized conservation plan that outlines the best practices and strategies to achieve your objectives. This plan serves as a roadmap to guide the implementation of conservation activities on your land. 3. Application for Programs: Based on your conservation plan, you can apply for various NRCS programs that provide both technical and financial assistance. These programs are designed to support a wide range of conservation practices tailored to different types of farms and land management goals. What are the key NRCS programs for farmers? 1. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP): EQIP provides financial and technical assistance to help farmers implement conservation practices that address natural resource concerns. It covers a broad spectrum of activities, from soil health improvements and nutrient management to water conservation and wildlife habitat enhancement. EQIP participants can receive funding to offset the costs of implementing these practices. 2. Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP): CSP rewards farmers who are already implementing good conservation practices and want to improve further. The program offers payments for maintaining existing practices and introducing new ones that enhance sustainability and environmental benefits. It is ideal for farmers seeking long-term stewardship of their resources. 3. Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP): ACEP provides financial support for farmers to protect, restore, and enhance wetlands, grasslands, and other agricultural lands through conservation easements. It is particularly useful for farmers who wish to protect their land from development or to preserve wildlife habitats and open spaces. 4. Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP): RCPP encourages partnerships between NRCS, farmers, local organizations, and other stakeholders to solve regional conservation challenges. It allows farmers to participate in larger-scale conservation projects that address critical natural resource issues on a regional or watershed basis. 5. Emergency Watershed Protection Program (EWP): This program helps farmers recover from natural disasters, such as floods or droughts, by providing technical and financial assistance to restore damaged lands and prevent further environmental degradation. Why use NRCS programs? By partnering with NRCS, farmers can achieve several benefits: - Financial Support: Reduce the cost of implementing conservation practices through grants and cost-sharing. - Expert Guidance: Access to technical expertise and resources for effective conservation planning and implementation. - Environmental Stewardship: Contribute to the health of the environment by improving soil, water, and wildlife habitats. - Enhanced Farm Resilience: Build resilience against climate change, extreme weather events, and other agricultural challenges. What is the next step? Farmers interested in NRCS programs should contact their local NRCS office or visit the NRCS website to learn more. The local office can provide details on available programs, eligibility criteria, and application deadlines. By taking advantage of NRCS services, farmers can enhance the sustainability and profitability of their operations while contributing to the conservation of natural resources for future generations. Conclusion Using USDA NRCS services is an invaluable step for farmers looking to adopt sustainable practices, reduce costs, and enhance farm productivity. By leveraging the support offered by NRCS, farmers can make meaningful strides toward long-term conservation goals while ensuring the viability of their land and resources. Whether you are just starting or looking to expand your conservation efforts, the NRCS has a program that can help you achieve your objectives.

Why get a farm number? Obtaining a Farm Service Agency (FSA) farm number is essential for any farmer or rancher who wants to access federal agricultural programs and assistance. An FSA farm number officially registers your farm with the USDA, making you eligible for various benefits, including disaster assistance, conservation programs, farm loans, and crop insurance. Additionally, having a farm number simplifies the process of applying for grants and participating in federal programs aimed at improving farm operations and sustainability provided by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). It’s a vital step in ensuring your farm is recognized and supported at the federal level. Farms as small as 1/10 of an acre can obtain a farm number. If you have decided to transition from vegetable gardening to micro-farming, a farm number could help you get resources you'll need. What is NRCS? The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that provides technical and financial assistance to farmers and landowners to promote sustainable agriculture and conservation practices. For small and startup farms, the NRCS offers programs like the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), which help farmers implement practices that improve soil health, water quality, and overall farm productivity. The NRCS also provides personalized conservation planning and technical support, tailored to the specific needs of small farms, ensuring they have the resources to thrive while maintaining environmental stewardship. This support is crucial for small and startup farms looking to establish sustainable and productive operations. Step 1: Obtain a Farm Number 1. Prepare Necessary Information The Customer Data Worksheet The Customer Data Worksheet or AD-2047 form linked here , must be completed by all property owners where the farm will be located, as well as the individual(s) farm operators requesting the farm number. For example, if you own land and want to establish a farm, you will complete the form as both the owner and farm operator. In more complex situations, such as when a company or family owns the property and operates the farm, every family member or partner involved must also complete the form. Foreign ownership: If anyone owning part of a property is not a US citizen, they must complete an FSA-153 as well as the AD-2047. You will need to provide supporting documents for all operators and property owners including: Proof of identity (e.g., driver’s license) Proof of Ownership of the land (copy of recorded deed). Leases Entity Identification Status (articles of incorporation, trust & estate documents, partnership agreement) Your Social Security Number (SSN) or Employer Identification Number (EIN) 2. Locate Your Local Farm Service Agency (FSA) Office in Arkansas there in an FSA office in every county: Visit the USDA website to find your local FSA office. USDA Service Center Locator 3. Contact the FSA Office: Once you’ve gathered all documentation and completed all forms, call or email your county FSA office asking about obtaining a farm number. Some offices will allow you to turn in all the documents and forms via email. If that is not the case, schedule an appointment with your local FSA office. 4. Receive Your Farm Number: Once your application is processed, you will be assigned a unique farm number, and a map created by the FSA office. Step 2: Familiarize Yourself with NRCS Programs 1. Visit the NRCS Website: Explore the NRCS website (https://www.nrcs.usda.gov) to understand the various programs and grants available. 2. Identify Relevant Programs: Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) 3. Contact Your Local NRCS Office: Locate your local NRCS office using the USDA service center locator . Schedule a meeting with an NRCS conservationist to discuss your farm's specific needs and potential funding opportunities. Step 3: Develop a Conservation Plan 1. Work with an NRCS Conservationist: An NRCS conservationist will help you develop a conservation plan tailored to your farm. This plan outlines conservation practices and goals for your farm. 2. Implement Conservation Practices: Start implementing the recommended conservation practices on your farm. Step 4: Apply for NRCS Grants 1. Complete Required Forms and Applications: Obtain the necessary forms from your NRCS office or their website. EQIP Application (CPA-1200) CSP Application (CCC-1200) 2. Prepare Supporting Documentation: Gather any required supporting documents, such as maps, soil tests, and conservation plans. 3. Submit Your Application: Submit your completed application and supporting documents to your local NRCS office by the specified deadlines. 4. Review and Follow Up: After submitting your application, stay in touch with your NRCS representative. Be prepared to provide additional information if requested. 5. Wait for Approval and Funding: If your application is approved, you will receive funding to implement the conservation practices outlined in your plan. Step 5: Maintain Compliance and Record-Keeping 1. Follow All Program Requirements: Ensure you comply with all program requirements and guidelines. 2. Keep Detailed Records: Maintain records of all conservation practices, expenses, and any other relevant documentation.

Scott and Monica attended a Micro Ag Tour in Northwest Arkansas and visited with people and places that cater to farmers and the local food network.

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